{"id":959,"date":"2024-03-19T17:49:05","date_gmt":"2024-03-20T00:49:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/?p=959"},"modified":"2026-09-27T05:57:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T12:57:56","slug":"%d1%81%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d1%81%d1%85%d0%be%d0%b4%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2-%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%87%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%b9%d1%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/comparison-of-english-and-russian-grammar-similarities-and-differences\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English and Russian both belong to the Indo-European family of languages, so they share more than it first seems \u2014 and they differ in ways that explain most of the mistakes learners make. Here is a clear side-by-side comparison for students of Russian, English speakers and bilingual families.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What English and Russian have in common<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The same parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions and conjunctions.<\/li><li>Singular and plural, and past, present and future time.<\/li><li>Subject \u2013 verb \u2013 object is the neutral word order in both: <em>\u041c\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443<\/em> \u2014 Mom reads a book.<\/li><li>Complex sentences with \u201cwho\u201d, \u201cwhich\u201d, \u201cbecause\u201d, \u201cwhen\u201d (<em>\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430<\/em>).<\/li><li>Related words from a common ancestor: <em>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442<\/em> \u2014 brother, <em>\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/em> \u2014 mother, <em>\u043d\u043e\u0441<\/em> \u2014 nose, <em>\u0442\u0440\u0438<\/em> \u2014 three, <em>\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439<\/em> \u2014 new.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The main differences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>English<\/th><th>Russian<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Alphabet<\/td><td>Latin, 26 letters<\/td><td>Cyrillic, 33 letters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Articles<\/td><td><em>a \/ an \/ the<\/em><\/td><td>none \u2014 context and word order show what is meant<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cases<\/td><td>only in pronouns (<em>I \u2013 me \u2013 my<\/em>) and the possessive <em>\u2019s<\/em><\/td><td>six cases for nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grammatical gender<\/td><td>none (he\/she\/it follows natural sex)<\/td><td>masculine, feminine or neuter for every noun<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adjectives<\/td><td>never change<\/td><td>agree with the noun in gender, number and case<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Word order<\/td><td>fixed: the position shows who does what<\/td><td>flexible: endings show the roles, order shows emphasis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u201cTo be\u201d in the present<\/td><td>required: <em>I am a student<\/em><\/td><td>usually omitted: <em>\u042f \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tense and aspect<\/td><td>many tense forms: simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous<\/td><td>three tenses and two aspects (imperfective \/ perfective)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Verb endings<\/td><td>little change: <em>I read, he reads<\/em><\/td><td>a different ending for each person: <em>\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e, \u0442\u044b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c, \u043e\u043d \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u2026<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Negation<\/td><td>one negative per clause: <em>I never saw anything<\/em><\/td><td>double negation is normal: <em>\u042f \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Yes\/no questions<\/td><td>auxiliary verb and inversion: <em>Do you\u2026? Are you\u2026?<\/em><\/td><td>intonation only: <em>\u0422\u044b \u0438\u0434\u0451\u0448\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439?<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Possession<\/td><td><em>I have a sister<\/em><\/td><td><em>\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430<\/em> (literally \u201cby me there is a sister\u201d)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stress<\/td><td>fairly predictable, usually not marked<\/td><td>free and mobile, not marked in writing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why these differences matter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For English speakers learning Russian<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Endings, not word order, carry the meaning \u2014 learn each new noun with its gender and practice the cases in short phrases.<\/li><li>The English tenses do not map onto Russian ones; think instead \u201cprocess or result?\u201d to choose between <em>\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/em> \u0438 <em>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/em>.<\/li><li>Do not add a word for \u201cis\u201d: <em>\u042f \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/em>, not <em>\u042f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For bilingual children who speak Russian at home<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Children who grow up in America often understand Russian well but borrow English structures when they speak. Typical examples are word-for-word translations such as <em>\u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441<\/em> (\u201ctake the bus\u201d) instead of <em>\u043f\u043e\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u0435<\/em>, <em>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/em> (\u201ctake a class\u201d) instead of <em>\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f<\/em>, and dropping case endings after numbers and prepositions. These are natural signs of a bilingual mind, and they fade quickly with regular reading, conversation and gentle correction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Similar, but not the same<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English and Russian describe the world with the same basic building blocks, but Russian puts much more information into the form of each word. That is what makes it rich, expressive and precise \u2014 and why learning it well, including reading and writing, is worth the effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0423\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430 <a href=\"\/ru\/\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f<\/a> \u0414\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e 10-\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443 \u0448\u0430\u0433 \u0437\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c \u2014 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d \u2014 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 9:00 \u0434\u043e 15:00 \u0432 \u041b\u043e\u0441-\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0435. \u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448 <a href=\"\/ru\/%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bc%d1%8b\/\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b<\/a> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <a href=\"\/ru\/%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b3%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%86%d0%b8%d1%8f\/\">\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>English and Russian both belong to the Indo-European family of languages, so they share more than it first seems \u2014 and they differ in ways that explain most of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1018,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publications","tag-grammar","post-language-english","post-language-russian"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/959","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=959"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/959\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2388,"href":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/959\/revisions\/2388"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1018"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.russianorthodoxschool.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=959"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}